polar method and apparatus, and polar method and apparatus

专利摘要:
Modalities of this application provide a polar coding method and apparatus. In the encoding method, a sequence of bits of information to be encoded is divided into a plurality of segments when an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition; polar coding and rate matching are performed separately on the plurality of segments; and a plurality of encoded bit strings obtained is concatenated to obtain a final encoded bit sequence. In a specific condition, the segmentation-based encoding method can reduce the time it takes to use a repetition-based rate matching scheme and can reduce a performance loss caused by repetition.
公开号:BR112020006044A2
申请号:R112020006044-5
申请日:2018-05-16
公开日:2020-10-06
发明作者:Chen Xu；Rong Li；Gongzheng Zhang；Yue Zhou；Lingchen HUANG；Yunfei Qiao；Carmela Cozzo；Yiqun Ge
申请人:Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [0001] The modalities of the present invention refer to the field of communications and, more specifically, to a polar encoding method and apparatus and to a polar decoding method and apparatus. FUNDAMENTALS
[0002] [0002] A communications system usually improves the reliability of data transmission through channel coding, to guarantee the quality of communication. A polar code (polar codes) proposed by the Turkish professor, Arıkan, is the first code that can be proven to have a Shannon capability, in theory and that has low encoding and decoding complexity. The polar code is a linear block code. A polar code coding matrix is GN and a process of u N = (u1, u2, K, u N) polar code coding is x1 = u1 GN, where 1
[0003] [0003] The matrix 1 1 .
[0004] [0004] In the polar code encoding process, some bits in are used to carry information and are referred to as information bits and a set of indexes of these bits is denoted as A. The other bits are defined as fixed values that are pre-agreed by a transmitting end and a receiving end and are referred to as fixed bits or frozen bits and a set of indexes of bits c is represented using of an A complement of A. The polar code encoding process is equivalent to (). In this x1N = u AGN (A) AC u AC GNAC report, GN (A) is a submatrix formed by lines corresponding to the indices in the set A in GN and GN (AC) is a submatrix formed by lines corresponding to the indices in the set AC in GN. uA is a set of bits u1N u AC of information in and a quantity of bits of information is K. is a u1N set of bits fixed in, a quantity of fixed bits is N - K and the fixed bits are known bits. The fixed bits are usually set to 0, but the fixed bits can be set freely, as long as the transmit end and the receive end reach an agreement in advance. When the fixed bits are set to 0, an encoding output of the x1N = uA GN (A) polar code can be simplified as, which is a K  N matrix.
[0005] [0005] A polar code construction process is a selection process for set A and the set decides the performance of the polar code. The process of building the polar code is usually: to determine, based on a length of the parent code N, that there is a total of N polarized channels, respectively, corresponding to N lines of the coding matrix; calculate the reliability of polarized channels; and use indices of the first K polarized channels with highest reliability as elements in set A and use indices corresponding to the N-K elements of polarized channels c remaining in the set of indexes A of the fixed bits. Set A decides the locations of the information bit and set A decides the locations of the fixed bit.
[0006] [0006] It can be learned from the coding matrix that a code length of an original polar code (mother code) is 2 to the integer of the power. During actual application, a polar code of any length of code needs to be implemented through rate matching.
[0007] [0007] Currently, there are three main rate matching schemes of the polar code: puncturing, shortening and repetition. In the first two schemes, it is determined that a length of the parent code is 2 to the integer of the power and is less than or equal to a length of the target code M, a punching or shortening location is determined according to a rule and a bit encoded in a corresponding location is suppressed when being sent, to implement rate matching. Before decoding, an LLR log likelihood ratio of the corresponding location is restored according to a predetermined rule, to implement rate mismatch.
[0008] [0008] To balance the performance of the encoding with the complexity of the encoding, the communications system may determine, according to an agreed rule, the use of a rate matching scheme based on repetition. A polar code obtained through coding using a length of the parent code is repeated to obtain a target code length greater than the length of the parent code, thereby implementing rate matching of the polar code . Unlike punching or shortening, repetition refers to repeatedly sending, in a specific sequence, an encoded bit stream that is encoded as the parent code length, until the target code length is reached, implementing , therefore, rate matching. A decoder combines the log likelihood ratio (LLR) of repetition locations to implement rate matching and performs decoding using the given parent code length. Rate matching based on repetition can reduce decoding complexity, a delay and an area of hardware implementation. However, in some cases, repetition causes a loss in the performance of the polar code. SUMMARY
[0009] [0009] The modalities of this application provide an encryption method, an encryption device, an encryption method and a decryption device, which can reduce times through the use of a rate matching scheme based on repetition and reduce a loss of performance caused by repetition.
[0010] [0010] According to a first aspect, an encoding method is provided, including: obtaining a bit stream of information to be encoded; dividing the sequence of bits of information to be encoded into p segments if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition; and, performing polar coding on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0011] [0011] In a possible implementation, the method additionally includes: separating by rate correspondence p coded bit strings, interleaving separately the p segments corresponding to the rate and concatenating the p interleaved segments. The p segments are first interleaved separately, so that an existing interleaver can be reused and the interleaver does not need to be reformed.
[0012] [0012] Alternatively, the method additionally includes: rate matching p encoded bit strings, concatenating p segments corresponding to the rate and merging a concatenated bit stream. Concatenation is performed before interleaving and therefore only one interleaver needs to be designed.
[0013] [0013] According to a second aspect, a coding apparatus is provided, including: a retrieval unit, configured to obtain a bit sequence of information to be encoded; a segmentation unit, configured to divide the bit stream of information to be encoded into p segments if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, where p is an integer greater than 1; and a coding unit, configured to separately perform polar coding on the p segments to obtain p coded bit strings.
[0014] [0014] In a possible implementation, the encoding apparatus additionally includes a rate mismatch unit, an interleaving unit and a concatenation unit, where the rate mismatch unit is configured to correspond separately to the rate of p bit strings coded; the interleaving unit is configured to interleave the p segments corresponding to the rate separately; and the concatenation unit is configured to concatenate the interleaved p segments; or the rate mismatch unit is configured to correspond separately to the rate of encoded bit strings; the concatenation unit is configured to concatenate the p segments corresponding to the rate; and the interleaving unit is configured to interleave a concatenated bit stream.
[0015] [0015] According to a third aspect, a computer-readable storage media is provided, where the computer-readable storage media includes: an instruction to obtain a bit stream of information to be encoded; an instruction to divide the bit stream of information to be encoded into p segments if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition; and an instruction to perform polar coding on the p segments separately to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0016] [0016] According to a fourth aspect, a decoding method is provided, including: obtaining a log-likelihood ratio LLR sequence corresponding to the bits to be decoded; decatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of segments p, where p is an integer greater than 1; perform the SCL decoding separately in the L segment sequences of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; and combining the decoding results of the p segments and outputting a decoded bit stream.
[0017] [0017] In a possible implementation, after deconcatenation and before SCL decoding, the method additionally includes: deinterleaving the deconcatenated segments p separately and disassociating the rate of the p deinterleaved segments.
[0018] [0018] In a possible implementation, before deconcatenation, the method additionally includes: deinterleaving the obtained LLR sequence; and before SCL decoding, the method additionally includes: separately decoupling the rate from the p-deconcatenated segments.
[0019] [0019] According to a fifth aspect, a decoding device is provided, including: a obtaining unit, configured to obtain a log-likelihood ratio LLR sequence corresponding to the bits to be decoded;
[0020] [0020] In a possible implementation, the decoding apparatus additionally includes a deinterleaving unit and a rate mismatch unit, where the deinterleaving unit is configured to deinterleav the deconcatenated LLR sequences from the p segments separately; the rate mismatch unit is configured to disassociate the rate in the interleaved LLR sequences of the p segments; and the decoding unit is configured to perform SCL decoding separately in the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; or the deinterleaving unit is configured to deinterleave the obtained LLR sequence; the rate mismatch unit is configured to separately disassociate the rates from the deconcatenated p segments; and the decoding unit is configured to perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments.
[0021] [0021] In accordance with a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, where the computer-readable storage medium includes: an instruction to obtain a LLR sequence of the likelihood ratio corresponding to the bits to be decoded; an instruction to deconcatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of p segments; an instruction to separately perform the decoding of
[0022] [0022] With reference to any or any possible implementation from the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in an implementation, the segmentation condition is any one of the following: The encoding parameter is a target code length M and the length of destination code M is greater than a first limit or the length of destination code is greater than or equal to a first limit; either the encoding parameter is the K length of the information bit string, and the K length of the information bit string is greater than a second limit or the K length of the information bits to be encoded is greater than or equal to one second limit.
[0023] [0023] In a possible project, the first limit is determined by at least one of an R code rate and the K length of the information bit stream, and the first Msegthr limit is determined in any of the following ways:, , or.
[0024] [0024] In a possible project, the second limit is determined by at least one of the code rate R and the target code length M, and the second limit Ksegthr is determined in any of the following ways:, or.
[0025] [0025] Alternatively, in a possible project, the segmentation condition is e K ≥ G.
[0026] [0026] In the aforementioned projects, A, B, C, D, E, F and G are constant.
[0027] [0027] In a possible project, A = 160, B = 1000, C = 1000, D = 160, E = 1000, F = 160 and G = 360.
[0028] [0028] Alternatively, in a possible project, A = 210, B = 750, C = 750, D = 210, E = 750, F = 210 and G is a value in an interval [300, 360].
[0029] [0029] Alternatively, in a possible project, A is a value in an interval [150, 180], B is a value in an interval [950, 1000], C is a value in the interval [950, 1000], D is a value in a range [150, 180], E is a value in a range [950, 1000], F is a value in a range [150, 180] and G is a value in a range [300, 360] .
[0030] [0030] With reference to any or any possible implementation from the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in one implementation, a way of concatenation is sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation.
[0031] [0031] With reference to any or any possible implementation from the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in an implementation, p = 2 and the bit sequence of information to be encoded is divided into two basically equal segments whose lengths are K1 and K2. In a project, K1 = ceil (K / 2), K2 = K - K1 and the ceiling represents rounding up. In a project, if K is an even number, | K1 - K2 | = 0 is answered. For example, K1 = K / 2 and K2 = K / 2. If K is an odd number, | K1 - K2 | = 1 is answered. There are a variety of ways of determination. For example, K1 = (K + 1) / 2 and K2 = (K - 1) / 2 or K1 = (K - 1) / 2 and K2 = (K + 1) / 2. Alternatively, a method of determination can be represented as K1 = (K + 1) / 2 and K2 = K - K1.
[0032] [0032] With reference to any or any possible implementation from the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in an implementation, if the length of the information bit stream to be encoded is an odd number, the lengths obtained after segmentation are K1 and K2 respectively | K2 - K1 | = 1 and a segment of a shorter length can be filled with 0 or 1, so that the lengths of the two segments are the same.
[0033] [0033] With reference to any or any possible implementation from the first aspect to the sixth aspect, in one implementation, lengths of target code to encode the two segments are M1 and M2, respectively and M1 and M2 are basically the same. In a project, M1 = ceil (M / 2), M2 = M - M1 and the ceiling represents rounding up. In a project, if M is an even number, | M1 - M2 | = 0 is answered. For example, M1 = M / 2 and M2 = M / 2. If M is an odd number, | M1 - M2 | = 1 is answered. There are a plurality of ways of determination. For example, M1 = (M + 1) / 2 and M2 = (M - 1) / 2 or M1 = (M - 1) / 2 and M2 = (M + 1) / 2 or M1 = (M + 1) / 2 and M2 = M - M1.
[0034] [0034] According to a seventh aspect, an encoding apparatus is provided, including: at least one input end, configured to receive a bit stream of information to be encoded; a signal processor, configured to carry out the encoding method in the first aspect and any possible implementation or design of the first aspect; and at least one output unit, configured to output a coded bit stream obtained by the signal processor.
[0035] [0035] According to an eighth aspect, an encoding device is provided, including: a memory, configured to store a program; and a processor, configured to: execute the program stored in memory and perform the encoding method in the first aspect and any possible implementation or design of the first aspect when the program is executed.
[0036] [0036] According to a ninth aspect, a decoding apparatus is provided, including: at least one input end, configured to receive LLR log-likelihood ratios corresponding to the bits to be encoded; a signal processor, configured to perform the decoding method in the fourth aspect and any possible implementation or design of the fourth aspect; and at least one output unit, configured to output a decoded bit stream obtained by the signal processor.
[0037] [0037] According to a tenth aspect, a decoding device is provided, including: a memory, configured to store a program; and a processor, configured to: execute the program stored in memory and perform the decoding method in the fourth aspect and any possible implementation or design of the fourth aspect when the program is executed.
[0038] [0038] According to an eleventh aspect, a communications device is provided, including: a bus, a processor, a storage media, a bus interface, a network adapter, a user interface and an antenna, where the bus is configured to connect the processor, the storage media, the bus interface and the user interface; the processor is configured to perform the encoding method in the first aspect or any implementation or design of the first aspect or is configured to perform the decoding method in the fourth aspect or any implementation or design of the fourth aspect; the storage media is configured to store an operating system and data to be sent or received; the bus interface is connected to the network adapter; the network adapter is configured to implement a physical layer signal processing function on a wireless communications network; the user interface is configured to be connected to a user input device; and the antenna is configured to send and receive a signal.
[0039] [0039] Another aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage media, where the computer-readable storage media stores an instruction and when the computer-readable storage media is run on a computer, the computer performs the encoding method on first aspect or any implementation or design of the first aspect or is configured to carry out the decoding method in the fourth aspect or any implementation or design of the fourth aspect.
[0040] [0040] Another aspect of this application provides a computer program product including an instruction, where when the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer performs the coding method in the first aspect or any implementation or project of the first aspect or it is configured to perform the decoding method in the fourth aspect or any implementation or design of the fourth aspect.
[0041] [0041] Another aspect of this application provides a computer program, where when the computer program is run on a computer, the computer performs the encoding method in the first aspect or any implementation or project of the first aspect or is configured to perform the method of decoding in the fourth aspect or any implementation or design of the fourth aspect.
[0042] [0042] In the modalities of this request, if the encoding parameter meets the predefined condition, the bit sequence of information to be encoded is segmented for separate encoding, so that a probability of using a rate matching method based on repetition is reduced and a loss of performance caused by repetition is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0043] [0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic wireless communication procedure between a transmitting end and a receiving end;
[0044] [0044] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a coding method according to an embodiment of this application;
[0045] [0045] FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a coding method according to an embodiment of this application;
[0046] [0046] AFIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of another segmentation-based coding method according to this application;
[0047] [0047] FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a decoding method according to this application;
[0048] [0048] FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a segmentation-based decoding method according to this application;
[0049] [0049] FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart of another segmentation-based decoding method according to this application;
[0050] [0050] FIG. 8 is a simulation performance comparison diagram between a segmentation-based encoding method and non-segmentation-based encoding during decoding according to this application;
[0051] [0051] FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a coding apparatus 900 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0052] [0052] FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another coding apparatus 1000 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0053] [0053] FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another 1100 coding apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;
[0054] [0054] FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoding apparatus 1200 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0055] [0055] FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1300 decoding apparatus according to one embodiment of this application;
[0056] [0056] FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoding apparatus 1400 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0057] [0057] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communications system to which a modality of this order can be applied;
[0058] [0058] FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a communications device 1600 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0059] [0059] FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a device terminal 800 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0060] [0060] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the bitwise interlacing concatenation according to one embodiment of this application; and
[0061] [0061] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of another coding procedure according to this application. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES
[0062] [0062] FIG. 1 is a basic wireless communication procedure. At a transmission end, a signal is sent from a signal source after source coding, channel coding and digital modulation are performed sequentially. At a receiving end, a signal is output to a signal destination after digital demodulation, channel decoding and source decoding are performed sequentially. A polar code can be used for channel encoding and decoding. Because a code length of an original polar code (parent code) is 2 to the entire power, during actual application, a polar code of any length of code needs to be implemented through rate matching. As shown in FIG. 1, at the transmission end, rate matching is performed after channel coding, to implement any length of destination code; and at the receiving end, rate mismatch is performed before channel decoding.
[0063] [0063] In some cases, a length of the parent code is usually determined according to an agreed rule in a communications system. When the determined parent code length is greater than a target code length, rate matching can be implemented through the use of a rate matching scheme based on shortening or punching. When the length of the determined parent code is less than the target code length, rate matching can be performed using a repetition-based rate matching scheme, but the repetition-based scheme causes a loss of performance. A maximum parent code length used for a polar code is specified in some communications systems. For example, it is specified in a communications system that a maximum downlink parent code length is 512 and a maximum uplink parent code length is 1024. Due to a limitation of a maximum parent code length in polar code encoding, when a destination code length is greater than Nmax, the simple repeated sending of a polar code whose code length is Nmax causes a loss of performance and a larger amount of repeated bits causes a greater loss.
[0064] [0064] In a specific condition, segmentation-based encoding is performed in a polar code and then the encoding results obtained after segmentation-based encoding are combined. Therefore, the performance of segmentation-based coding is better than that of the repetition-based rate matching scheme. In this application, when an encoding parameter meets a predefined condition, segmentation-based encoding is performed on the information bits to be encoded, to reduce a loss caused by the existing rate matching (repetition) scheme in the performance of the polar code . If a target code length M is less than a parent code length, polar coding can be performed based on the parent code length N, to obtain an encoded bit stream of length N and then a encoded bit sequence of length M is obtained by punching or shortening.
[0065] [0065] FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a coding method according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.
[0066] [0066] 201. Obtain a bit sequence of information to be encoded.
[0067] [0067] A polar code described in this embodiment of this application includes, but is not limited to, an Arıkan polar code, a polar CA code, a polar PC code or a polar PC CA code. The Arıkan polar code is an original polar code, which is not concatenated with another code and includes only bits of information and frozen bits. The CA polar code is a polar code that is concatenated with a cyclic redundancy check code (Cyclic Redundancy Check, CRC). The PC polar code is a polar code that is concatenated with a parity check code (Parity Check, PC). The polar code PC CA is a code that is concatenated with both a CRC code and a PC code. The PC polar code, the CA polar code and the PC CA polar code improving the performance of the polar code by concatenating different codes.
[0068] [0068] The sequence of information bits to be encoded described in this application can be a sequence of information bits that must actually be sent in a communications system or it can be a sequence of bits obtained after the information bits are concatenated with CRC. Therefore, a length K of the information bit stream can represent an amount of bits of information to be sent or it can represent an amount of all bits that must be mapped to the locations of information bits during polar code encoding. Using the polar code CA as an example, K can be a value including a CRC length or it can be a value that does not include a CRC length; and can be defined flexibly during the specific application.
[0069] [0069] 202. Divide the bit stream of information to be encoded into p segments, if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, (which can also be referred to as an encoding based on segmentation condition), where p is an integer greater than
[0070] [0070] To guarantee performance after segmentation, the bit sequence of information to be encoded in length K can also be segmented. For example, if p = 2, the sequence of information bits to be encoded is divided into two basically equal segments whose lengths are K1 and K2, respectively. K1 and K2 are calculated in a plurality of ways. For example, K1 = ceil (K / 2), K2 = K - K1 and the ceiling represents rounding up. Alternatively, if K is an even number, | K1 - K2 | = 0 or K1 = K2 is answered and K1 = K / 2 and K2 = K / 2 can be defined. Alternatively, if K is an odd number, K1 and K2 that are obtained after segmentation are different and a difference between the two segments is 1 bit, that is, | K2 - K1 | = 1 is answered, where “|” it represents assuming an absolute value. K1 = (K + 1) / 2 and K2 = (K - 1) / 2 can be defined or K1 = (K - 1) / 2 and K2 = (K + 1) / 2 can be defined. Alternatively, K1 = (K + 1) / 2 and K2 = K - K1 can be defined or K1 = (K - 1) / 2 and K2 = K - K1 can be defined. In this case, a smaller segment can be padded with 0 or 1 and a padding location can be in a header or an end, so that K1 = K2. Therefore, the same rate matching method can be used for both segments. A fill bit at a corresponding fill location is removed after decoding. Certainly, filling in cannot be done and fee matching can be done separately in both segments. M1 and M2 are target code lengths to encode the two segments and M1 and M2 are basically the same. M1 and M2 are determined in a plurality of ways. For example, M1 = ceil (M / 2), M2 = M - M1 and the ceiling represents rounding up. If M is an even number, M1 = M / 2 and M2 = M / 2 or | M1 - M2 | = 0. If M is an odd number, | M1 - M2 | = 1 is answered. There are a variety of ways of determination. For example, M1 = (M + 1) / 2 and M2 = (M - 1) / 2 can be defined or M1 = (M - 1) / 2 and M2 = (M + 1) / 2 can be defined. Alternatively, M1 = (M + 1) / 2 and M2 = M - M1 can be defined or M1 = (M - 1) / 2 and M2 = M - M1 can be defined.
[0071] [0071] For the polar code, when the encoding parameter meets the segmentation condition, the bit sequence of information to be encoded is divided into the p segments. The sequence of information bits to be encoded can be divided into the p segments at a time; or the sequence of bits of information to be encoded can be divided into the p segments at a time and it is further determined whether the segments meet the segmentation condition, to determine whether to continue to perform the segmentation. A specific number of segments that is obtained after segmentation and if the segments must continue to be divided can be flexibly designed based on the actual application. In some embodiments, it can be specified that the bit sequence of information to be encoded can be divided into a maximum of two segments.
[0072] [0072] The polar code segmentation condition can be as follows: or.
[0073] [0073] That is, the limit for the segmentation condition is related to one or both of R and K. For example, the segmentation condition is or an equivalent of. A specific example can be or.
[0074] [0074] Alternatively, the segmentation condition of the polar code can be as follows: or.
[0075] [0075] That is, the limit for the segmentation condition is related to one or both of R and M. For example, the segmentation condition is. A specific example can be.
[0076] [0076] In the previous formulas, A, B, C, D, E and F are constant.
[0077] [0077] Alternatively, another condition can be added to the previous form and an intersection of the previous form and the other condition is used as a segmentation condition. For example, the segmentation condition is either an equivalent of e K ≥ G. A specific example can be or e.
[0078] [0078] Alternatively, the segmentation condition can be:. A specific example can be e.
[0079] [0079] In the segmentation condition in this application, if “greater than or equal to” (≥) is replaced with ‘'greater than”, the segmentation condition is still applicable.
[0080] [0080] That is, the segmentation condition can be at least one of the following:
[0081] [0081] The encoding parameter is a target code length M and the target code length M is greater than a first limit or the target code length is greater than or equal to a first limit; or the encoding parameter is the length K of the information bit string, and the length K of the information bit string is greater than a second limit or the length K of the information bits to be encoded is greater than or equal to one second limit.
[0082] [0082] The first limit is determined by at least one of an R code rate and the K length of the information bit stream. For example, the first Msegthr threshold is determined in any of the following ways:
[0083] [0083] The second limit is determined by at least one of the R code rate and the destination code length K. For example, the second limit Ksegthr is determined in any of the following ways:, or.
[0084] [0084] Alternatively, the segmentation condition can be determined by both coding parameters M and K. For example, the segmentation condition is and K ≥ G. Certainly, the condition of
[0085] [0085] A, B, C, D, E, F and G are constant and max is a function max.
[0086] [0086] In a modality, the values of A, B, C, D, E, F and G can be shown in the following Table 1. Table 1
[0087] [0087] Alternatively, in a modality, the values of A, B, C, D, E, F and G can be shown in the following Table 2 and G can be a value in an interval [300, 360] (including two points end of the range). Table 2
[0088] [0088] Alternatively, in a modality, the values of A, B, C, D, E, F and G can be, respectively, values in intervals (including two end points of the intervals) shown in the following Table 3. Table 3
[0089] [0089] Step 203: Perform polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p coded bit strings.
[0090] [0090] The p segments are encoded separately to obtain p encoded bit strings. A total length of the information bit stream to be encoded is K and information bit lengths of the p segments are K1, K2, ... and Kp, respectively, where K = K1 + K2 + ... + Kp.
[0091] [0091] Specifically, lengths of destination code to perform polar coding separately on the p segments are M1, M2, ... and Mp, respectively, where M = M1 + M2 + ... + Mp and M is the length of destination code to encode the bit stream of information to be encoded. For an encoding and rate matching method for each field, consult the existing ways. Specifically, the parent code lengths N1, N2, ... and Np used to encode all segments are determined based on M1, M2, ... and Mp and polar coding is performed on each segment.
[0092] [0092] For each Mi, where i = 1, 2,…, p, when Mi> Ni, the parent code length Ni is used to perform polar coding on a segment corresponding to Ki, to obtain a bit sequence coded Ni length and a repetition-based rate matching method is subsequently used. When Mi <Ni, the parent code length Ni is used to encode a segment corresponding to Ki, to obtain a sequence of the encoded length Ni and a rate matching scheme based on shortening or punching is subsequently used.
[0093] [0093] There are a plurality of ways to determine a length of parent code N and three ways are described below:
[0094] [0094] (1) If a maximum parent code length Nmax is specified in a communications system, when M> Nmax (or M ≥ Nmax), the use of a rate matching scheme based on repetition and N = Nmax. When M <Nmax (or M ≤ Nmax), it is determined to use a rate matching scheme based on shortening or punching, to obtain a coded bit sequence of length M, where e represents rounding up.
[0095] [0095] (2) A suitable value for a repetition-based rate matching scheme is preferably selected as N, that is, a value of N that is less than a target code length and that meets a rate of code is less than (or less than or equal to) an Rmin code rate limit is selected. If a value of N that meets the condition is not found, a value of N for shortening or punching is selected. Usually, the value is.
[0096] [0096] The code rate limit can be set to 1/8, 1/6, 1/4 or similar. The R code rate can be calculated in two ways. One way is R = K / N and the other way is R = K / M. R = K / N is used as an example. Assuming the code rate limit is 1/4, M = 288, K = 40 and a value of N that reaches K / N is less than 1/4 is 256, N = 256 is selected. If K = 80 and a value of N that is 2 to the whole power, that is less than or equal to 256 and can meet 80 / N, less than or equal to 1/4 cannot be found, it can be determined that = 512.
[0097] [0097] (3) A value that is less than a target code length and that it meets, is preferably selected as N or is selected otherwise, where it represents rounding up. it can be a constant, for example, it is defined as 1/8, 1/4 or 3/8. Alternatively, it can be a value related to a code rate of a parent code,, R0 = K / N, K is a length of a block of information and usually decreases with increasing R0. A function of δ related to the code rate R can be designed as δ = β × (1 - R0), where β is a predefined constant. For example, β can be 1/2, 3/8, 1/4, 1/8 or 1/16. That is, δ is a linear function related to R0. Higher R0 takes the smaller δ, that is, it is repeated to repeat a smaller number of bits. A function of δ related to the code rate R can be designed as δ = β × (1 - R0) ^ 2, where β is a constant. For example, β can be 1/2. That is, δ is a quadratic function related to R0. Higher R0 takes the smaller δ, that is, it is allowed to repeat a smaller number of bits.
[0098] [0098] The three ways are applicable for the selection of a mother code length from a sequence of bits of information to be encoded and are also applicable for the selection of mother code lengths of segments obtained after segmentation. Alternatively, a minimum value can be selected, as a final value of N, from N values determined in any two or three of the previous ways. If N = 2n, in a modality, n = min {n1, n2, nmax}, where n1, n2 and nmax are determined separately as follows: E  (9/8)  2 ( log 2 E  −1)
[0099] [0099] If e K / M  9/16, n1 = log 2 E  - 1; otherwise, n1 = log 2 E . n2 = log 2 (K / Rmin)  and Rmin = 1/8. nmax = Log2Nmax.
[0100] [0100] After step 203, the method may additionally include the following step:
[0101] [0101] 204. Match the segments separately p.
[0102] [0102] Specifically, if a target code length Mi of each segment is greater than a length of parent code Ni, at least a few bits in a coded bit stream of length Ni are repeated, to obtain a coded bit stream of length Mi. If a target code length Mi of each segment is less than or equal to a length of parent code Ni, a rate matching scheme based on punching or shortening is used to delete a coded bit at a punching location or a shortening location, to obtain an encoded bit stream of length Mi.
[0103] [0103] All encoded bit strings obtained after rate matching need to be concatenated to obtain an encoded bit stream of length M. After polar encoding, there is an interleaving process in addition to rate matching. Concatenation can be performed before interleaving or can be performed after interleaving. One way of concatenation can be sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation.
[0104] [0104] To ensure performance in high-order modulation and a fading channel, a channel interleaver is designed (for an uplink channel or a downlink channel) after rate matching. To improve a decoding success rate for a segmented polar code in a fading channel, especially when a segment is severely faded, two segments of the polar code can be combined in a way of interlacing concatenation after being encoded. This ensures that the two segments pass through approximately the same channel. After the interlacing concatenation, the two segments have the same reliability as the modulation bit and an original interleaving depth can be maintained.
[0105] [0105] FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams of segmentation-based coding processes. For example, two segments (a segment 0 and a segment 1) are obtained by dividing and K includes a CRC length. That is, before the segmentation shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a CRC addition process can be included (not shown in the figure). In FIG. 3, after rate matching, the two segments are merged separately; then, the two segments are concatenated and then transmitted using a channel. Concatenation is performed after interleaving, so that the performance of the existing interleaver is not destroyed. One way of concatenation can be sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation.
[0106] [0106] In FIG. 4, after rate matching, the two segments are first concatenated and then a concatenated sequence is interspersed. This way requires only one interleaver and is therefore easy to implement. Similarly, a way of segment concatenation can be sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation.
[0107] [0107] In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, K + and K- represent the lengths of the two segments (segment 0 and segment 1) obtained through division and the target code lengths corresponding to the two segments can be denoted as M + and M-. The lengths K + and K- and the lengths of the destination code M + and M- are equivalent to the lengths K1 and K2 described above and the lengths of the destination code M1 and M2 described above, except for the fact that they are marked using different symbols. During the actual application, other brands can be used. For example, K0 and K1 represent the lengths of segment 0 and segment 1 and M0 and M1 represent the target code lengths corresponding to the two segments.
[0108] [0108] Sequential concatenation indicates that segment 0 bits and segment 1 bits are combined sequentially in a sequence. The bits of the coded and rate-matched segment 0 are denoted as a0, a1, ..., aM0 - 1 and the bits of the coded and rate-matched segment 1 are denoted as b0, b1, ..., bM1 - 1. In this case , the bits obtained after the sequential concatenation are a0, a1,…, aM0 - 1, b0, b1,… bM1 - 1.
[0109] [0109] The interlacing concatenation indicates that the bits of segment 0 and the bits of segment 1 are combined in a sequence through interlacing according to a predetermined rule. An interlaced concatenation rule can be represented in several ways. The bitwise interlaced concatenation (bitwise interlaced concatenation) indicates that the combination is performed by interlacing on a bit-by-bit basis. As shown in FIG. 18, the bits obtained after the bitwise interlacing concatenation are a0, b0, a1, b1,…, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 1.
[0110] [0110] The encoded bits of each segment are denoted as erk, where r is a segment sequence number, r = 0,…, p - 1, p is the number of segments obtained by dividing, k = 0,… , E - 1 and E is a number of bits in a segment r. In this case, the coded bits obtained after the concatenation are fk, where k = 0, ..., G - 1 and G is an amount of coded bits obtained after the concatenation. An implementation of bitwise interlacing concatenation can be represented below using pseudocode: Define k = 0 and j = 0 while j <E Define r = 0 while r <p fk = erj k = k + 1 r = r + 1 ends while j = j + 1 ends while
[0111] [0111] If p = 2, that is, two segments are obtained through division, a segment 0 is represented as vk (0) and a segment 1 is represented as vk (1), where k = 0, ..., M / 2 and the encoded bits obtained after the concatenation are represented as w, an implementation of the bitwise interlacing concatenation can be represented below using pseudocode: w2k = vk (0), k = 0, .. ., M / 2 w2k + 1 = vk (1), k = 0, ..., M / 2
[0112] [0112] Alternatively, the way of interlacing concatenation may be related to a modulation order. For example, an interlacing interval can be a modulation order. This implements interlacing concatenation at the level of a modulation symbol.
[0113] [0113] If a modulation scheme is BPSK, a modulation order is 1 and the bits obtained after interlacing concatenation can be a0, b0, a1, b1,…, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 1. If a modulation is QPSK, a modulation order is 2 and every 2 bits are modulated in a symbol. The bits obtained after interlacing concatenation in 2-bit intervals can be a0, a1, b0, b1,…, aM0 - 2, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 2, bM1 - 1. This implements interlacing at a one-level level. single modulation symbol: Sa0, Sb0, Sa2, Sb2,…, where Sai represents a symbol obtained after a segment 0 is modulated and Sbi represents a symbol obtained after a segment 1 is modulated. Alternatively, the bits obtained after the interleaved concatenation can be a0, a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, b4,…, aM0 - 4, aM0 - 3, aM0 - 2, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 4, bM1 - 3, bM1 - 2, bM1 - 1. This implements interlacing at a level of two modulation symbols: Sa0, Sa1, Sb0, Sb1,…. Alternatively, the interlacing concatenation can be performed at a level of a greater number of modulation symbols.
[0114] [0114] If a modulation scheme is 16QAM, a modulation order is 4 and the bits obtained after interlacing concatenation can be a0, a1, a2, a3, b0, b1, b2, b3,…, aM0 - 4, aM0 - 3, aM0 - 2, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 4, bM1 - 3, bM1 - 2, bM1 - 1. Alternatively, interlacing concatenation is performed at a level with a greater number of modulation symbols.
[0115] [0115] If a modulation scheme is 64QAM, a modulation order is 6 and the bits obtained after interlacing concatenation can be a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, b0, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5,…, aM0 - 6, aM0 - 5, aM0 - 4, aM0 - 3, aM0 - 2, aM0 - 1, bM1 - 6, bM1 - 5, bM1 - 4, bM1 - 3, bM1 - 2, bM1 - 1. Alternatively, interlacing concatenation is performed at a level with a greater amount of modulation symbols.
[0116] [0116] The interlacing concatenation in this modality of this request can be implemented through the use of a line interleaver.
[0117] [0117] The segmentation action in step 202 is not necessarily required and the segments can be obtained through division in advance. Therefore, alternatively, the coding method in this modality of this request may include: obtaining a bit sequence of information to be encoded, where the bit sequence of information to be encoded includes segments and a coding parameter for the polar coding meets a predefined targeting condition; and perform polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1. A sequence and method for performing rate matching, interleaving and concatenation on the p encoded bit strings are the same as those described above.
[0118] [0118] As shown in FIG. 19, if the encoding parameter does not meet the predefined segmentation condition, segmentation-based encoding is not performed. Instead, a parent code length N and a corresponding rate matching way are determined in an existing manner and step 207 is performed. Step 207: Perform polar encoding on the information bit to be encoded using a length of parent code N and using a rate matching scheme based on repetition, punching or shortening.
[0119] [0119] FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a decoding method according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.
[0120] [0120] 501. Obtain an LLR sequence of the likelihood ratio corresponding to the bits to be decoded.
[0121] [0121] Upon receiving an encoded bit stream sent by an encoder, a decoder obtains the LLR sequence of the likelihood ratio corresponding to the bits to be decoded.
[0122] [0122] 502. Deconcatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of p segments. Corresponding to the encoder, if the encoder uses segmentation-based encoding, the decoder uses a segmentation-based decoding method. Deconcatenation refers to the division of the LLR sequence into p segments in a reverse way to that of the encoder concatenation, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the lengths of the p segments are M1, M2, ... and Mp, respectively and M = M1 + M2 + ... + Mp.
[0123] [0123] If the encoder uses a rate matching method, the decoding method may additionally include rate mismatch. For details, see step 503.
[0124] [0124] 503. To separately match the rate of the p segments obtained by dividing in step 502. Specifically, the lengths of the parent code N1, N2, ... and Np of all segments are determined separately. A length of parent code N for each segment and a corresponding rate matching manner are determined according to an agreed rule. A specific method is compatible with the one used by the encoder. For the method, refer to the three ways described in step 202 in the procedure.
[0125] [0125] For each Mi, where i = 1, 2, ..., p, when Mi> Ni, it is determined that a transmission end performs rate matching in a repetitive manner. In this case, the LLRs at the repeat locations are combined to obtain an LLR sequence corresponding to the Ni length rate. When Mi ≤ Ni, a transmission end is determined to perform rate matching in a shortening or punching manner. In this case, an LLR at a punching or shortening location is restored (defined as an agreed fixed value), to obtain an LLR sequence corresponding to the rate of the Ni length.
[0126] [0126] 504. Perform the decoding of the successive cancellation list (SCL) separately in the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments separately. Specifically, SCL decoding is performed based on the LLRs with rate matching of the p segments, to obtain the p decoding results.
[0127] [0127] 505. Combine the decoding results of the p segments, which are obtained in step 504, and output a final decoded bit stream.
[0128] [0128] Optionally, after the p segments are obtained by dividing in step 502, each of the p segments whose encoding parameter meets the predefined condition is further divided into p segments and then rate matching and decoding are performed separately on the p segments to obtain the decoding results of the p segments and the decoding results of the p segments are combined.
[0129] [0129] According to the encoding method and the decoding method in the modalities of this application, the p segments can be equal segments. For example, if a total length of a bit stream to be encoded is K, a length of each segment is K / p and correspondingly, a target code length of each segment is M / p. If K and M are indivisible, K and M are slightly adjusted. This is specifically corresponding to a case of the encoder. Depending on different types of polar encoding methods, a sequence of information bits to be encoded can include only a sequence of information bits to be encoded or can include an information block and a CRC bit.
[0130] [0130] If the encoder has an interleaving process, a decoder has an interleaving process. A process and a sequence of deconcatenation (de-concatenation) and deinterleaving are reversed to those of the encoder concatenation and interleaving. In one example, as shown in FIG. 6, CA-SCL decoding and p = 2 are used as an example. An LLR sequence is first deconcatenated to obtain two segments and then deinterleaving is performed separately on the two segments. Optionally, rate mismatch (not shown in the figure) is additionally performed after deinterleaving and then SCL decoding is performed separately on the two segments. A decoding result (candidate list) for each segment is issued, the decoding results of the two segments are combined and a CRC check is performed on a combined decoding result to obtain a final decoding result. As shown in FIG. 7, deinterleaving is performed first and then the deinterleaved LLR sequence is deconcatenated to obtain two segments. Optionally, rate mismatch (not shown in the figure) is performed additionally after deconcatenation and then SCL decoding is performed separately on the two segments. A decoding result (candidate list) for each segment is issued, the decoding results of the two segments are combined and a CRC check is performed on a combined decoding result to obtain a final decoding result. Deconcatenation is a reverse process to concatenation. For details, refer to the content described in the encoding method.
[0131] [0131] In this application, the description “if M is greater than a length of mother code N” can be represented using an equivalent way: “if it is greater than a length of mother code N”. Because the length of the parent code is 2 to the entire power, in terms of effects, “is greater than a length of parent code N” inevitably leads to “M is greater than a length of parent code N” . Conversely, if "M is greater than a length of parent code N", it can inevitably be derived from "is greater than a length of mother code N". represents rounding up.
[0132] [0132] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of decoding performance between polar CA encoding and polar CA encoding based on segmentation at different code rates. In FIG. 8, a solid line represents the decoding performance of using the polar CA encoding based on segmentation and a dashed line represents the decoding performance of using the normal polar AC encoding. In FIG. 8, in a vertical axis direction, a curve closer to a horizontal axis corresponds to a lower value of the code rate R. It can be learned that, in the same code rate, the decoding performance of the coding based on segmentation is better than the normal CA polar code decoding performance. The parameters of the simulation results are shown in table 4. Table 4 Simulation Parameters (Simulation Parameters) AWGN channel QPSK scheme modulation Length 11
[0133] [0133] The punching described in this application includes quasi-uniform punching (Quasi-Uniform Puncture, QUP for short). It is first determined that a parent code length is 2 to the full power and is greater than or equal to a target code length, and then a punching pattern (a punching location) is determined by the mother and the target code length. The punching pattern can be represented using a binary sequence. It is determined that "0" represents a puncture location and "1" represents a non-puncture location. A channel capacity corresponding to the punching location is set to 0 (either an error probability is set to 1 or a signal ratio for SNR audio is set to infinitesimal); a density evolution, Gaussian approximation or linear adjustment method is used to calculate the reliability of polarized channels and the reliability is stored; and a location of information bits and a location of fixed bit (frozen bit) are determined. The encoder deletes an encoded bit at a punching location to obtain a polar code.
[0134] [0134] According to the polar code shortening scheme
[0135] [0135] FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a coding apparatus 900 according to this application. The coding apparatus 900 includes a obtaining unit 901, a segmentation unit 902 and a coding unit 903.
[0136] [0136] Obtaining unit 901 is configured to obtain a bit stream of information to be encoded.
[0137] [0137] Segmentation unit 902 is configured to divide the bit sequence of information to be encoded into p segments, if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, where p is an integer greater than 1. For the segmentation condition and a segmentation way, consult the content described in the coding method in this application.
[0138] [0138] The encoding unit 903 is configured to perform polar encoding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings. The encoding apparatus may have p 903 encoding units, configured to encode the p segments in parallel separately. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the coding apparatus includes two polar coding units. Alternatively, an encoding unit 903 can be configured to encode the p segments sequentially and separately.
[0139] [0139] Optionally, the encoding apparatus 900 additionally includes a rate matching unit 904, configured to correspond to the rate separately from the p encoding results, to obtain p encoded bit strings whose lengths are segment target code lengths. The encoding apparatus may have p 904 rate matching units, configured to correspond to the rate separately from p segments in parallel. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the coding apparatus includes two rate matching units. Alternatively, a rate matching unit can be configured to match the rate sequentially and separately from the p segments.
[0140] [0140] Optionally, the encoding apparatus 900 additionally includes an interleaving unit 905 and a concatenating unit 906. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, interleaving and concatenation can be performed in different sequences. The interleaver unit 905 and the concatenation unit 906 can be configured differently depending on different sequences.
[0141] [0141] For example, in FIG. 3, interleaving is performed before concatenation. In this case, the interleaver unit 905 is configured to interleave the p segments corresponding to the rate separately. The coding apparatus 900 may include an interleaving unit 905, configured to interleave the p segments sequentially and separately; or it can include p 905 interleaving units, configured separately to interleave the p segments in parallel. The concatenation unit is configured to concatenate the interleaved p segments. One way of concatenation can be sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation and a specific concatenation method is the same as that described in the coding method described above.
[0142] [0142] For example, in FIG. 4, concatenation is performed before interleaving. In this case, the concatenation unit 906 is configured to concatenate the p segments corresponding to the rate. One way of concatenation can be sequential concatenation or interlacing concatenation and a specific concatenation method is the same as that described in the coding method described above. The interleaver unit 905 is configured to interleave a concatenated encoded sequence. In this case, only one 905 interleaving unit is required.
[0143] [0143] Segmentation unit 902 is not necessarily required. Alternatively, the encoding apparatus 900 may include: a obtaining unit 901, configured to obtain a sequence of information bits to be encoded, where the sequence of information bits to be encoded includes segments and a coding parameter for polar encoding meets a predefined targeting condition; and an encoding unit 903, configured to separately perform polar encoding on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1. A sequence and method that perform rate matching, interleaving and concatenation in the encoded bit strings they are the same as those described above.
[0144] [0144] FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another coding apparatus 1000 according to this application. The coding apparatus 1000 includes: a memory 1001, configured to store a program; and a processor 1002, configured to: execute the program stored in memory 1001; and when the program is executed, obtain a bit sequence of information to be encoded; dividing the sequence of bits of information to be encoded into p segments if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition; and performing polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0145] [0145] The segmentation action is optional. Therefore, processor 1002 can be configured to: execute the program stored in memory 1001; and when the program is executed, obtaining a sequence of information bits to be encoded, where the sequence of information bits to be encoded includes p segments and a coding parameter for polar coding meets a predefined segmentation condition; and performing polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0146] [0146] Optionally, processor 1002 is additionally configured to: match the rate separately from the p coded bit streams, interleave the p segments corresponding to the rate separately and concatenate the p interleaved segments. Alternatively, processor 1002 is additionally configured to: match the rate separately from the p encoded bit streams, concatenate the p segments corresponding to the rate and interleave a concatenated bit stream.
[0147] [0147] The coding apparatus in FIG. 10 may additionally include a transmitter (not shown in the figure), configured to send the coded bit sequence obtained by the processor.
[0148] [0148] FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another 1100 coding apparatus according to this application. The coding apparatus 1100 includes: at least one input end 1101, configured to receive a bit sequence of information to be encoded; a signal processor 1102, configured to: obtain the bit stream of information to be encoded; dividing the sequence of bits of information to be encoded into p segments if an encoding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition; and performing polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1; and at least one output unit 1103, configured to output the coded bit strings obtained by the signal processor.
[0149] [0149] The segmentation action is optional. Therefore, signal processor 1002 can be configured to: obtain the information bit stream to be encoded, where the information bit stream to be encoded includes segments and a coding parameter for the polar coding meets a segmentation condition predefined; and performing polar coding separately on the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0150] [0150] Optionally, signal processor 1302 is additionally configured to: correspond to the rate separately from the p coded bit streams, interleave the p segments corresponding to the rate separately and concatenate the p interleaved segments. Alternatively, signal processor 1302 is additionally configured to: correspond to the rate separately from the encoded bit strings, concatenate the p segments corresponding to the rate and interleave an interleaved bit stream.
[0151] [0151] The coding apparatus in FIG. 11 may additionally include a transmitter (not shown in the figure), configured to send the encoded bit stream of a length M which is output by at least one output unit.
[0152] [0152] The coding apparatus in FIG. 9 to FIG. 11 in this application, each can be any device having a wireless communication function, for example, an access point, a station, user equipment or a base station. For a function performed by each component in the coding device and a specific method of execution of the function, consult the related content in the coding method modality. The details are not described in this report again.
[0153] [0153] FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoding apparatus 1200 according to this application. The decoding apparatus 1200 includes a obtaining unit 1201, a deconcating unit 1202, a decoding unit 1205 and a combining unit 1206.
[0154] [0154] Obtaining unit 1201 is configured to obtain a log-likelihood ratio LLR sequence corresponding to the bits to be decoded.
[0155] [0155] The deconcatenation unit is configured to deconcatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of segments p, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0156] [0156] The decoding unit 1205 is configured to perform SCL decoding separately on the L segment sequences of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments. The decoding apparatus 1200 may have decoding units p 1205, configured to perform SCL decoding separately in the LLR sequences of the p segments in parallel; or it can have only one decoding unit 1205, configured to perform sequentially and separately the SCL decoding on the LLR sequences of the p segments.
[0157] [0157] The combining unit 1206 is configured to: combine the decoding results, of the p segments, which are obtained by the decoding unit 1205 and the emission of a decoded bit stream.
[0158] [0158] Optionally, the decoding apparatus additionally includes a deinterleaving unit 1203 and a rate de-associating unit 1204. Corresponding to an encoder, deinterleaving and deconcatenation can be carried out in different sequences. For example, in FIG. 6, an LLR sequence is deconcatenated and then deinterleaved. In this case, deinterleaving unit 1203 is configured to deinterleave the deconcatenated LLR sequences of the p segments separately, and the rate mismatch unit 1204 is configured to offset the rate separately from the p deinterleaved segments. The decoding apparatus 1200 may include a deinterleaving unit 1203, configured to deinterleave the LLR sequences of the p segments sequentially and separately; or it can include p deinterleaving units, configured to deinterleave the LLR sequences of the p segments in parallel separately. The decoding apparatus 1200 may include a rate mismatch unit 1204, configured to mismatch the rate sequentially and separately from the LLR sequences of the p segments; or it can include the p-rate mismatch units, configured to mismatch the rate separately from the LLR sequences of the p segments in parallel.
[0159] [0159] For example, in FIG. 7, an LLR sequence is deinterleaved and then deconcatenated. In this case, deinterleaving unit 1203 is configured to deinterleave the obtained LLR sequence. In this case, only one deinterleaving unit 1203 is required. The deconcatenation unit is configured to deconcatenate the deinterleaved LLR sequence.
[0160] [0160] FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1300 decoding apparatus according to this application. The decoding apparatus 1300 includes: a memory 1301, configured to store a program; and a processor 1302, configured to: execute the program stored in memory; and when the program is executed, obtain an LLR sequence of log-likelihood ratio corresponding to the bits to be decoded; deconcatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of p segments; perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; and combining the decoding results of the p segments and the emission of a decoded bit stream, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0161] [0161] Optionally, processor 1302 is additionally configured to: deinterleav the deconcatenated LLR sequences from the p segments; mismatch the rate of p deinterleaved segments; perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; and combining the decoding results of the p segments and the emission of a decoded bit sequence, where p is an integer greater than 1. Alternatively, processor 1302 is additionally configured to: deinterleave the obtained LLR sequence; deconcatenate the deinterleaved LLR sequence; mismatch the rate of the p-segmented segments; perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; and combining the decoding results of the p segments and the emission of a decoded bit stream, where p is an integer greater than 1.
[0162] [0162] FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoding apparatus 1400 in accordance with this application. The decoding apparatus 1400 includes: at least one input end 1401, configured to receive LLR log-likelihood ratios corresponding to the bits to be encoded; a signal processor 1402, configured to: obtain the LLR sequence of log-likelihood ratio corresponding to the bits to be encoded; deconcatenate the LLR sequence if a coding parameter meets a predefined segmentation condition, to obtain the LLR sequences of p segments; perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences of the p segments, to obtain the decoding results of the p segments; and combining the decoding results of the p segments and the emission of a decoded bit stream, where p is an integer greater than 1; and at least one output unit 1403, configured to output the decoded bit stream obtained by the signal processor.
[0163] [0163] Optionally, signal processor 1402 is configured to: deinterleav the deconcatenated LLR sequences from the p segments; mismatch the rate of p deinterleaved segments; and perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments. Alternatively, signal processor 1402 is configured to: if the coding parameter meets the predefined segmentation condition, deinterleaving the LLR sequence obtained before de-concatenation; deconcatenate the deinterleaved LLR sequence; mismatch the rate of p deinterleaved segments; and perform SCL decoding separately on the LLR sequences without rate matching of the p segments.
[0164] [0164] The decoding apparatus in FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 in this application, each can be any device having a wireless communication function, for example, an access point, a station, user equipment, a terminal device or a base station. For a function performed by each component in the decoder and a specific method of performing the function, see the related parts in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 and the modalities in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 and FIG. 8 to FIG. 10. The details are not described in this report again.
[0165] [0165] In some cases, a communications device in a communications system has both a send and receive function and can be used both as a transmitting end to send information to a receiving end as well as a receiving end. receive to receive information sent by a transmitting end. Therefore, the communications device has both an encoding function and a decoding function. The communications device can be configured as a general processing system, for example, collectively referred to as a chip. The general processing system includes one or more microprocessors that provide processor functions and an external memory that provides at least part of a storage medium. All of these components can be connected to other support circuits using an external bus architecture.
[0166] [0166] The communications device may include an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) having a processor, a bus interface and a user interface; and at least part of a storage medium integrated on a single chip. Alternatively, the communication device is implemented through the use of one or more FPGAs (programmable port arrangement), a PLD (programmable logic device), a controller, a state machine, port logic, a discrete hardware component, any other appropriate circuit, a circuit capable of performing functions described in this entire application or any combination thereof.
[0167] [0167] FIG. 15 shows a wireless communications system to which a modality of this order can be applied. The wireless communications system can include at least one network device and the network device communicates with one or more terminal devices. The network device can be a base station, it can be a device obtained after a base station and a controller of the base station are integrated, or it can be another device having a similar communication function.
[0168] [0168] The wireless communications system described in this modality of this application includes, but is not limited to: a narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system; a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system; three main application scenarios for a next generation 5G mobile communications system: enhanced mobile broadband (Enhanced Mobile Broadband, eMBB), ultra reliable and low latency communications (ultra-reliable and low latency communications, URLLC), and type communications massive (massive machine type communications, mMTC); or a future new communications system.
[0169] [0169] The terminal device described in this embodiment of this application may include various portable devices, devices in the vehicle, wearable devices or computing device having a wireless communication function or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. The terminal device can be a mobile station (Mobile Station, MS), a subscriber unit (subscriber unit), a cell phone (cellular phone), a smart phone (smartphone), a wireless data card, an assistant computer personal digital assistant (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA), a tablet computer, a wireless modem (modem), a portable device (handset), a laptop computer (laptop computer), a machine type communication terminal (Machine Type Communication, MTC ) or similar.
[0170] [0170] In FIG. 15, the network device communicates with the terminal device through the use of wireless technology. When sending a signal, the network device is a transmitting device and when receiving a signal, the network device is a receiving device. The same goes for the terminal device. When sending a signal, the terminal device is a transmitting device and when receiving a signal, the terminal device is a receiving device. Both the network device and the terminal device in FIG. 15 are communications devices described in this application. As a transmission device, the communications device has an encryption function and can carry out the encryption method in this application. As a receiving device, the communications device has a decoding function and can perform the decoding method in this application.
[0171] [0171] FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a communications device 1600 (for example, a communications device, such as an access point, a base station, a station or a terminal device) according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 16, the communications device 1600 can be implemented using a 1601 bus as a general bus architecture. The 1601 bus can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges based on the specific application and a general design condition of the 1600 communications device design. The 1601 bus connects multiple circuits and these circuits include a 1602 processor, 1603 storage media and a 1604 bus interface. The storage media is configured to store an operating system and the data to be sent or received. Optionally, the communications device 1600 uses the bus interface 1604 to connect a network adapter 1605 and the like using the bus 1601. The network adapter 1605 can be configured to: implement a signal processing function in a physical layer in a wireless communications network and send and receive a radio frequency signal using an antenna 1607. A 1606 user interface can be connected to various user input devices, such as a keyboard, a screen, a mouse and a control. The 1601 bus can be additionally connected to several other circuits, such as a timing source, a peripheral device, a voltage regulator and a power management circuit. These circuits are well known in the art and are therefore not described in detail.
[0172] [0172] The 1602 processor is responsible for managing the bus and the overall process (including running software stored on the 1603 storage media). The 1602 processor can be implemented using one or more general purpose processors and / or dedicated processors. Examples of the processor include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a DSP processor and other circuits capable of running the software. The software should be widely interpreted as representing instructions, data or any combination thereof, regardless of whether the software is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language or other.
[0173] [0173] It is shown in FIG. 16 that storage media 1603 is separate from processor 1602. However, those skilled in the art easily understand that storage media 1603 or any part of storage media 1603 can be located outside the communications apparatus.
[0174] [0174] Processor 1602 can be configured to perform the functions of processor 1002 in FIG. 10 and processor 1302 in FIG. 13. The 1602 processor can perform the encoding method and the decoding method described in this application. A process for running the 1602 processor is not described in this report.
[0175] [0175] When the communication device is a terminal device, referring to FIG. 17, FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 800. The terminal device 800 includes a processing apparatus 804 that can be configured to carry out the encoding method and / or the decoding method described in the modalities of this application. Terminal device 800 may additionally include a power supply 812, configured to supply power to various components or circuits in the terminal device. The terminal device may additionally include an antenna 810, configured to: send, using a wireless signal, uplink data output through a transceiver or send a received wireless signal to a transceiver.
[0176] [0176] In addition, the terminal device may include one or more of an input unit 814, a display unit 816, an audio frequency circuit 818, a camera 820 and a sensor 822, to further improve a function of the terminal device. The audio frequency circuit can include an 8182 speaker, an 8184 microphone and the like.
[0177] [0177] The SCL decoding algorithm of the list of successive cancellations described in the modalities of this application includes another decoding algorithm, similar to SCL, in which the decoding is performed sequentially and which provides a plurality of candidate paths; or an improved algorithm for the SCL decoding algorithm.
[0178] [0178] In use, the encoding device or the decoding device described in the modalities of this application can be an independent device or it can be an integrated device; and is configured to: encode information to be sent and then send encrypted information or decode information received.
[0179] [0179] In the examples described in the modalities of this application, the processes of units and methods can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends, in particular, on the specific applications and constraints on the design of technical solutions. Those skilled in the art can implement the functions described by using different methods for each specific application.
[0180] [0180] In the various modalities provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus described above are merely examples. For example, the unit division is merely the logical function division and can be another division during actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system. Some steps in the method can be skipped or missed. In addition, direct couplings or couplings or communication connections between units can be implemented through the use of some interfaces and these interfaces can be implemented in electronic, mechanical or other ways. Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate and may be located in one location or may be distributed across a plurality of network units. In addition, the functional units in the modalities of this application can be integrated into a processing unit or each of the units can physically exist alone or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
[0181] [0181] All or some of the previous modalities can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by the software, all or some of the modalities can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or some of the procedures or functions, according to the modalities of the present invention, are generated. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network or other programmable devices. Computer instructions can be stored on computer-readable storage media or can be transmitted using computer-readable storage media. Computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center wirelessly (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber or a subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio or microwave). Computer-readable storage media can be any storage media accessible to a computer or data storage device, such as a server or data center, integrating one or more usable media. Usable media can be magnetic media (for example, a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, USB flash drive, ROM or RAM), optical media (for example, CD or DVD), semi-conductive media (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)) or the like.
[0182] [0182] The foregoing embodiments are merely intended to describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the previous modalities, those skilled in the art must understand that they can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the previous modalities or make substitutions equivalent to some technical characteristics of them, without departing from the scope of the solutions techniques of the modalities of the present invention.

权利要求:
Claims (36)
[1]
1. Encoding method, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: obtaining an information bit stream and a destination code length M, where an information bit stream length is K, where K and M are integers positive; dividing the information bit stream into p segments when M is greater than or equal to a first Msegthr limit and K is greater than or equal to a second Ksegthr limit, where p is an integer greater than 1; polarize each of the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings.
[2]
2. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that p = 2, and if a length of the information bit stream to be encoded is an even number, lengths of the two segments are the same, or if a length of the bit sequence of information to be encoded is an odd number, lengths of the two segments obtained after segmentation will be the same by filling.
[3]
3. Method, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second limit Ksegthr = G, and G is a constant.
[4]
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the division of the information bit stream into p segments when M is greater than or equal to a first limit and K is greater than or equal to a second limit comprises: dividing the bit sequence of information into the p segments when M meets and K meets K ≥ G, where C, D, and G are constant.
[5]
5. Method, according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that C is a value in an interval [950, 1000], and D is a value in an interval [150, 180].
[6]
6. Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first Msegthr limit is determined by at least one of an R code rate and the K length of the information bit stream, and Msegthr is determined in any one in the following ways:,,, or, where A, B, C, D, and G are constant, and R is a natural number.
[7]
7. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is a value in an interval [300, 360].
[8]
8. Method according to any one of claims 3 to 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is 360.
[9]
9. Method according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that polarizing each of the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings comprises: for each of the p segments, encode according to a coding formula, to obtain each of the p bit sequences encoded respectively; where the coding formula is:
N x1 = u1N GN where x1N = (x1, x2, ..., xN) is one of the p encoded bit strings, u1N is a sequence comprising one of the p segments, and GN is a polar code generation matrix of N rows and N columns.
[10]
10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it further comprises rate matching of each of the encoded bit strings to obtain rate matching bit strings.
[11]
11. Method according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it further comprises concatenating the p bit sequences that have undergone rate matching to obtain a sequence with the destination code length M.
[12]
12. Coding apparatus, FEATURED by the fact that it comprises: a retrieval unit, configured to obtain a sequence of information bits and a destination code length M, where a length of the information bit sequence is K, in that K and M are positive integers; a segmentation unit, configured to divide the information bit stream into p segments when M is greater than or equal to a first Msegthr limit and K is greater than or equal to a second Ksegthr limit, where p is an integer greater than 1; an encoding unit, configured to polarize each of the p segments to obtain p encoded bit strings.
[13]
13. Apparatus according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that p = 2, and if a length of the information bit stream to be encoded is an even number, lengths of the two segments are the same, or if a length of the bit sequence of information to be encoded is an odd number, lengths of the two segments obtained after segmentation will be the same by filling.
[14]
14. Apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second limit Ksegthr = G, and G is a constant.
[15]
15. Apparatus, according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the segmentation unit is configured to divide the bit sequence of information into the p segments when M meets a and K ≥ G, where C, D, and G are constant.
[16]
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that C is a value in a range [950, 1000], and D is a value in a range [150, 180].
[17]
17. Apparatus according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first Msegthr limit is determined by at least one of an R code rate and the K length of the information bit stream, and Msegthr is determined in any one in the following ways:,,, or, where A, B, C, D, and G are constant, and R is a natural number.
[18]
18. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 17, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is a value in an interval [300, 360].
[19]
19. Apparatus according to any of claims 14 to 18, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is 360.
[20]
20. Apparatus according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the encoding unit is configured to, for each of the p segments, encode according to an encoding formula, to obtain each of the encoded bit strings respectively; where the coding formula is:
N x1 = u1N GN where x1N = (x1, x2, ..., xN) is one of the p encoded bit strings, u1N is a sequence comprising one of the p segments, and GN is a polar code generation matrix of N rows and N columns.
[21]
21. Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 18, wherein the apparatus is a base station or a user terminal.
[22]
22. Apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 21, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it additionally comprises a rate matching unit, configured to match the rate of each of the p coded bit strings to obtain p bit strings that have undergone fee matching.
[23]
23. Apparatus according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it additionally comprises a concatenation unit, configured to concatenate the p bit sequences that have undergone rate matching to obtain a sequence with the destination code length M.
[24]
24. Device, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a memory, configured to store a program; and a processor, configured to: execute the program stored in memory, and the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11 is performed when the program is executed.
[25]
25. Apparatus according to claim 24, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the apparatus is a base station or a user terminal.
[26]
26. Apparatus, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: at least one input, configured to receive a sequence of information bits and a destination code length M, where a length of the information bit sequence is K, where K and M are positive integers; a signal processor, configured to: divide the information bit stream into p segments when M is greater than or equal to a first Msegthr limit and K is greater than or equal to a second Ksegthr limit, where p is an integer greater than 1; polarize each p segment to obtain p encoded bit strings; and at least one output, configured to output the coded bit strings obtained by the signal processor.
[27]
27. Apparatus according to claim 26, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that p = 2, and if a length of the information bit stream to be encoded is an even number, lengths of the two segments are the same, or if a length of the bit sequence of information to be encoded is an odd number, lengths of the two segments obtained after segmentation will be the same by filling.
[28]
28. Apparatus according to claim 26 or 27, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second limit Ksegthr = G, and G is a constant.
[29]
29. Apparatus according to claim 26, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the signal processor is configured to divide the information bit sequence into the p segments when M meets and a length K of the information bit sequence meets K ≥ G, where C, D, and G are constants.
[30]
30. Apparatus according to claim 29, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that C is a value in a range [950, 1000], and D is a value in a range [150, 180].
[31]
31. Apparatus according to claim 26, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first Msegthr limit is determined by at least one of an R code rate and the K length of the information bit stream, and Msegthr is determined in any one in the following ways:,,, or, where A, B, C, D, and G are constant, and R is a natural number.
[32]
32. Apparatus according to any of claims 28 to 31, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is a value in an interval [300, 360].
[33]
33. Apparatus according to any of claims 28 to 31, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that G is 360.
[34]
34. Apparatus according to any one of claims 26 to 33, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that before the p encoded bit streams are emitted, the signal processor is additionally configured to match the rate of each of the p encoded bit strings to obtaining p bit strings that have been rate matched, and at least one output is configured to output the p bit strings that have been rate matched.
[35]
35. Apparatus according to claim 34, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that before the p bit streams that have undergone rate matching are output, the signal processor is additionally configured to concatenate the p bit strings that have undergone rate matching to obtain a sequence with the target code length M, and at least one output is configured to output the obtained sequence.
[36]
36. Computer-readable storage media, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises an instruction, in which the instruction, when executed on a device, causes the method as defined in any of claims 1 to 11 to be carried out.

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